52 p) Provisions and contingent liabilities Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and the amount can be reliably estimated. These are reviewed at each year end and reflect the best current estimate. Provisions are not recognised for future operating losses. Where there are a number of similar obligations, the likelihood that an outflow will be required in settlement is determined by considering the class of obligations as a whole. A provision is recognised even if the likelihood of an outflow with respect to any one item included in the same class of obligations may be small. Provisions are measured at the present value of best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period. The discount rate used to determine the present value is a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as interest expense. Contingent liabilities are disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or a present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made. q) Income tax Income tax expense comprises current tax and deferred tax. Current tax is the tax payable on the taxable income of the current period based on the applicable income tax rates. Deferred income tax is recognised using the balance sheet approach. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognised for deductible and taxable temporary differences arising between the tax base of assets and liabilities and their carrying amount. The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted at the end of the reporting period. The Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation. It establishes provisions where appropriate, on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities. Deferred income tax is provided in full, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts to the extent that it is probable that the taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised. The deferred income tax is also not accounted for if it arises from initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business combination that at the time of the transaction affects neither accounting profit nor taxable profit | (tax loss). Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the Balance Sheet date and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled. The Company considers reversals of deferred income tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making the assessment of deferred tax liabilities and realisability of deferred tax assets. Based on the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred income tax assets are deductible, the Management believes that the Company will realise the benefits of those deductible differences. The deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and when the deferred tax balances relate to the same taxation authority. The current tax assets and tax liabilities are offset where the Company has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. The current and deferred tax is recognised in profit or loss, except to the extent that it relates to
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